At the top of the pyramid

 At the secondary consumers level

At the middle of the pyramid

 At the base of the pyramid

Mutualism

 Competition

 Predation

Commensalism

A group of individuals from different species

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time

The various populations of different species living in the same environment

 An individual organism from a species

Predation

Interspecific competition

 Intraspecific competition

Symbiosis

 Bees extracting nectar from flowers

 A bird feeding on leftovers from a crocodile’s teeth

An animal eating another animal for food

Two individuals of the same species fighting over food

Different populations of species living in the same environment

Only abiotic factors in an area

Living and non-living components interacting

 A single living organism

It illustrates competition in the food chain

It represents the energy flow and amounts between trophic levels

It shows the number of organisms at each trophic level

 It tracks nutrient cycling in ecosystems

Herbivores

 Carnivores

 Producers

Decomposers

 Producing energy from sunlight

 Hunting prey for food

 Breaking down dead organisms into simpler substances

 Competing with producers for resources

 Hyena

Lion

 Ladybug

Bear

A level of producers in an ecosystem

A type of consumer in the food chain

A level for decomposers

 A stage where energy is transferred in the food chain

Both are unaffected

One benefits, the other is harmed

 Both benefit

One benefits, the other is unaffected

 Only the interactions between species

 Both living organisms and non-living components like water, air, and soil

 Only living organisms

Only non-living components like water and air

 Stay the same

 Become omnivores

Increase

Decrease

 Sharp canines

Teeth for tearing prey

 Flat molars

Incisors for cutting plants

They break down organic substances in the soil

 They feed on the remains of dead organisms

They feed on both plants and animals

They are primary producers

Bees compete for nectar with other bees

 Bees are harmed by the flowers

Bees protect the flowers from predators

 Bees transfer pollen grains, promoting floral reproduction

 Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biotic factor

The number of tertiary consumers decreases

 The number of producers decreases and secondary consumers increase

The number of producers increases

The number of secondary consumers decreases

 Trophic cycle

Food web

 Food chain

Energy cycle

Genetic modification

Sustainable farming

Natural selection

Biological control

 Soil

Air

 Water

Sun

Parasites

 Scavengers

Decomposers

 Producers

 The remaining organisms in the food chain may be disrupted

 The ecosystem adapts and maintains balance

 Only producers are affected

 All organisms thrive without the species

 Bear

 Horse

 Eagle

Lion

A list of producers and consumers

 A network of interconnected food chains

 A diagram showing energy transfer in a food chain

A single food chain

Lost as heat or used for metabolism

 Stored forever

Recycled by decomposers

 Converted to sunlight

Population

Individual

Biotic population

 Biological community

Cutting down infected plants

Irrigating fields with chemicals

Using pesticides to kill insects

Using ladybugs to eat aphids

Both benefit

One benefits, the other is harmed

One benefits, the other is unaffected

Both are harmed

Reduced competition

Increased cooperation

More energy for all

 Increased competition

 Wolves hunting deer

fungi and algae forming lichen

 Egyptian plover birds cleaning a crocodile’s teeth

 A tapeworm living inside a human intestine

 Nutrient loop

Trophic cycle

 Energy web

 Food chain

 Only decomposers are affected

Disruption or destruction of ecological balance

Immediate collapse of all food webs

No effect on other organisms

Producer

 Carnivore

 Herbivore

Decomposer

Energy stays constant

All energy is transferred

The energy doubles

 90% of energy is lost

Molars

 Incisors

 Canines

 Premolars

 The ecosystem remains unchanged

Energy flow is unaffected

 Competition among living organisms increases

Species will adapt quickly without competition

Producing food for other organisms

Consuming herbivores

Eating both plants and animals

 Breaking down organic substances in dead organisms

 Ecosystem

Species

Community

Population

Scavenger network

Energy pyramid

 Food web

 Trophic loop

 Middle

 Base

Apex

Not included

50%

 90%

10%

 100%

Predation

Mutualism

Competition

 Commensalism

Predation

 Mutualism

Commensalism

 Competition

 Scavengers

Herbivores

Omnivores

Carnivores

Wind

Sun

Soil

 Water

 Both individuals benefit without causing harm to each other

They both benefit from each other

Both individuals compete for a limited food source, negatively impacting their growth or survival

One individual benefits and the other is harmed

 Two plants competing for sunlight

 A lion hunting a zebra

Bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar

 A bird eating insects from a crocodile’s teeth

 Fewer tertiary consumers

More primary consumers

 Both a and b

More producers